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Penny Ferguson pennyferguson@windstream.net |
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Every majestic oak
tree was once a nut who stood his ground. |
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| Note: | The importance of lethal microbes in human history is well illustrated by Europeans' conquest and depopulation of the New World. Far more Native Americans died in bed from Eurasian germs than on the battlefield from European guns and swords. Those germs undermined Indians resistance by killing most Indians and their leaders and by sapping the survivors' morale. "Guns, Germs, and Steel" Jared Diamond. | ||
| Note: | Why didn't the American Indians have diseases that the Europeans could take home and wipe out most of Europe? A big reason was Europeans had domesticated animals, American Indians did not, a lot of diseases came from the closeness to these herd animals, the Europeans had become immune or had a higher resistance to these diseases. (Not quoted directly but from Diamond's book) | ||
| 1526 | Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon, with six vessals carrying five hundred men and women, and eighty to ninety fine horses arrived at present-day North Carolina and Virginia in vicinity of Albemarle Sound and Chesapeake Bay. "Of the five hundred colonists who went on the 1526 expedition, only one hundred fifty returned safely to the Indies. The number who remained in the interior of present-day North Carolina and Virginia is not known, however, that they survived and reproduced is a certainty. Reference to non-Indian peoples residing in the vicinity of the Albemarle /Pamlico/Chesapeake Bay area was made by other Europeans of a later date, i.e. The English of Raleigh's venture and Captain John Smith of the Jamestown Colony." Eloy J. Gallegos "The Melungeons." | ||
| 1539 | When Baltasar de Gallegos came into the open field, he discovered ten or eleven Indians, among whom was a Christian, naked and sun-burnt, his arms tattooed after their manner, and he in no respect differing from them. As soon as the horsemen came in sight, they ran upon the Indians, who fled, hiding themselves in a thicket, though not before two or three of them were overtaken and wounded. The Christian, seeing a horseman coming upon him with a lance, began to cry out: " Do not kill me, cavalier; I am a Christian! Do not slay these people; they have given me my life! " Directly he called to the Indians, putting them out of fear, when they left the wood and came to him. The horsemen took up the Christian and Indians behind them on their beasts, and, greatly rejoicing, got back to the Governor at nightfall. When he and the rest who had remained in camp heard the news, they were no less pleased than the others http://www.floridahistory.com/elvas1.html | ||
| 1562 | The Portuguese embark upon the slave trade around this time. | ||
| 1562 | In April, 1562, two French vessels commanded by Jean Ribault arrived in Port Royal Sound on the coast of present-day South Carolina. The French Huguenots aboard those ships were searching for a place to establish a colony free of the religious persecution they suffered in France. Ribault built a fort, Charlesfort (located somewhere on Port Royal Sound), and left a garrison of 27 men in it while he returned to France for supplies and additional colonists. Ribault's return was delayed by civil war in France, and soon tiring of the desolation at Port Royal, the men left in Charlesfort mutinied, killed their commander, and returned to France in a boat they constructed. A year later, a second French expediton led by René Goulaine de Laudonnière established a new French outpost, Fort Caroline, on the St. Johns River near present-day Jacksonville, Florida. http://www.cas.sc.edu/sciaa/staff/depratterc/hstory1.html | ||
| 1566 | Spanish Fort was erected on Beaufort River. Pardo and his men built no less than four forts and two settlement towns in the interior, and as late as the later part of the sixteenth century, those Spaniards, Pardo's men and their families were still living in the general area where their captain stationed them--more than three hundred miles in the interior of the present-day Southeastern United States. Gallegos. | ||
| 1570 | Portuguese establish colony in Angola. | ||
| 1570 | The Jesuits arrived at Chesapeake Bay in September 1570, then continued about 40 miles up the James River to what is now College Creek. They then traveled by land to a settlement off the York River. De Velasco soon left the Jesuits' mission to live with the Indians, and in February 1571 led the killing of the missionaries, according to the accounts. The only person spared from the group was Alonso de Olmos, a boy whose father was a Spanish settler in Florida. The fact that the Indians didn't kill the only non-Jesuit in the group indicates the Jesuits were slain because of their religion, according to Catholic scholars. [Source: AP] http://www.companysj.com/sjusa/02-06-22.htm#dioceseofrichmond | ||
| 1571 | Fr. Rogel, while taking part in the belated relief expedition to Ajacan in August 1572, wrote the following account: "Father Master Baptista [Segura] sent a message by a novice Brother on two occasions to the renegade. Don Luis would never come, and [the Jesuits] stayed there in great distress, for they had no one by whom they could make themselves understood to the Indians.... They got along as best they could, going to other villages to barter for maize with copper and tin, until the beginning of February. The boy [Alonso] says that each day Father Baptista caused prayers to be said for Don Luis, saying that the devil held him in great deception. As he had twice sent for him and he had not come, he decided to send Father Quiros and Brother Gabriel de Solis and Brother Juan Baptista to the village of the chief near where Don Luis was staying. Thus they could take Don Luis along with them and barter for maize on the way back. On the Sunday after the Feast of the Purification, Don Luis came to the three Jesuits who were returning with other Indians. He sent an arrow through the heart of Father Quiros and then murdered the rest...." http://www.seattlecatholic.com/article_20030830.html | ||
| Note: | Skwan'-digu' gun' yi: For Askwan'-digu' gun' yl, "Where the Spanish is in the water," on Soco creek, just above the entrance of Wright's creek, in Jackson county. According to tradition a party of Spaniards advancing into the mountains was attacked here by the Cherokee, who threw one of them (dead?) into the stream. "Myths of the Cherokee" James Mooney | ||
| 1576 | Only a few months after the Spanish settlement of Santa Elena was abandoned in the summer of 1576, a French ship, Le Prince, wrecked in Port Royal Sound. This ship carried a large contingent of Frenchmen who may have been intent on resettling Port Royal Sound. The survivors of the wreck built a fort on high ground, and soon they were viciously attacked by Indians who thought they were Spaniards. Once the Frenchmen were able to establish their identity, the Indians befriended them and took them to their villages. http://www.cas.sc.edu/sciaa/staff/depratterc/hstory2.html | ||
| 1584 | Captain Barlowe took note of the people with yellowish coloring, fine auburn and chestnut colored hair. Barlowe mentions a particular kingdom called Sequotan (Secotan) which is a peninsula located between Albemarle Sound and Pamlico Sound. His account tells of "white" people, "whom the countrey people preserved." "Frances Yeardley many years later found large group of Spaniards residing very comfortable among a great nation called the Newxes (Neuse)" Gallegos | ||
| 1585 | The first English colonist arrived and settled on Roanoke Island. | ||
| 1589 | Andre Gonzales mapped and explored the Chesapeake Bay as far north as the Susquehanna. | ||
| 1608 | English Jamestown Colony settled. | ||
| 1615 | In 1605, the French started a colony at Port Royal (modern-day Annapolis). After three years exploring the East Coast, the colonists returned to France. In 1610 a man named Poutrincourt reestablished a colony at Port Royal. In 1613, four Jesuit priests founded a mission on the island of Mount Desert. Since the English had already established a colony at Jamestown, they felt the French were invading their territory. Captain Samuel Argall sailed from Virginia to these settlements and burned them. The French then left the Chesapeake Bay. http://www.mariner.org/chesapeakebay/colonial/col006.html | ||
| 1619 | Africans arrived at Jamestown, Virginia as indentured servants and could earn their freedom working for the European settlers. | ||
| 1648 | The "Jesuit Relations" of 1648 shows that some Shawnee were with the Mascoutins in Illinois at this date. | ||
| 1654 | Colonel Abraham Wood was the first to cross the Blue Ridge, and the first to discover New River, and to name it "Wood's River." | ||
| 1666 | Captain Henry Batte crossed the Blue Ridge. | ||
| 1668 | 10th of June 1668 A List of ye Tythables from ye Colledge to Smiths forte taken by Mr. Thos. Warren:Tho. Hurle Joh. Shipp Tho Gibson & 1 negro, Edmond Howell, | ||
| 1669 | Edmund Howell left a will naming his "godson" Gibson, son of Thomas Gibson, Surry County, Va., | ||
| 1670 | Tributary Indians of Virginia, all bowman or hunters: Nansemond County 45; Surrey County, Powchay-icks 30 and Weyenoakes 15; Charles City County, Men Heyricks 50; Nottoways (two towns) 90; Appomattox 50. Henrico County, Manachees 30; Powhites 10; New Kent County, Pamunkeys 50; Chickahominies 60; Mattaponeys 20; Rappahnnocks 30; Totaschus 40; Gloucester, Chiskoyackes 15; Rappahannock, Portobaccoes both 60; Nazcattico and Mattehatique both 50; Northumberland County, Wickacomico 70; Westmoreland County, Appomattox 10. | ||
| 1670 | The "Jesuit Relations" of 1670 says the Shawnee lived some distance to the southeast of Illinois, which puts them in Kentucky or Tennessee. | ||
| 1670 | German traveler, John Lederer, went from the falls of the James river to the Catawha country in South Carolina, following for most of the distance the path used by the Virginia traders, who already had regular dealings with the southern tribes, including probably the Cherokee. Mooney "History, Myths, and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees." | ||
| 1670 | The first permanent English settlement in South Carolina was established in 1670. Mooney | ||
| 1673 | Marquette notes that the Ohio (River) is "inhabited by a people called Chaouanons in such numbers that they reckon 25 villages in one district and 15 in another, lying quite near to each other." Marquette must have been referring to those towns on the Ski-paki cipi in Kentucky. | ||
| 1674 | From Forte Henry, August the 22th, 1674. Letter of Abraham Wood to John Richards. ----- They travelled eight days west and by south as he guest and came to a town of negroes, spatious and great, but all wooden buildings Heare they could not take any thing without being spied. The next day they marched along by ye side of a great carte path, and about five or six miles as he judgeth came within sight of the Spanish town, walld about with brick and all brick buildings within. There he saw ye steeple where in hung ye bell which Mr. Needham gives relation of and harde it ring in ye eveing. heare they dirst not stay but drew of and ye next morning layd an ambush in a convenient place neare ye cart path before mentioned and there lay allmost seven dayes to steale for theire sustenance. Ye 7th day a Spanniard in a gentille habitt, accoutered with gunn, sword and pistoll. one of ye Tomahittans espieing him att a distance crept up to ye path side and shot him to death. In his pockett were two pices of gold and a small gold chain. which ye Tomahittans gave to Gabriell, but hee unfourtunately lost it in his venturing as you shall heare by ye sequell. Here they hasted to ye negro town where they had ye advantage to meett with a lone negro. After him runs one of the Tomahittans with a dart in his hand, made with a pice of ye blaide of Needhams sworde, and threw it after ye negro, struck him thrugh betwine his shoulders soe hee fell downe dead. They tooke from him some toys. which hung in his eares, and bracelets about his neck and soe returned as expeditiously as they could to theire owne homes. http://www.tngenweb.org/pre1796/16740822.html | ||
| 1680 | Shawnees sided with the South Carolinians in their war against the Yuchi. | ||
| Note: | The Warriors' Path or Trace crossed the Ohio River at the mouth of Cabin Creek in Mason County, Kentucky, below the mouth of the Scioto, where Portsmouth, Ohio, now stands. This Trace ran to the Upper Blue Licks, in Fleming County; thence to Eskippakithiki, which the white settlers later renamed Indian Old Fields, in Clark County; thence up Station Camp Creek, in Estill County, to the Pictured Caves at its head near the mouth of Red Lick Creek; thence through the low hills of Jackson County to the Flat Lick near Barbourville, in Knox County; and thence out of Kentucky through Cumberland Gap, and along the back border of the Carolinas to the Spanish settlements in Georgia and Florida. This was from prehistoric times a major trade route down which went copper, northern furs, and glacial pebbles for making stone axes; and up which came sea-shells, southern plumage, and mica. When Georgia was considered part of Florida, the Spanish had settlements on the coast and gold mines in the interior. At this time the southern end of this trace was where some Shawnees or Savannahs as they were there called, built their towns on the waters of the Savannah River. Here they robbed the Spanish and traded with the South Carolina English for the firearms and edged tools which had become so necessary for their existence. (Lucian Beckner) | ||
| 1684 | Franquelin's map of 1684 shows Shawnee towns of Chaskepe and Meguachaika on a river "Skipaki cipi ou Riviere bleue," which is probably either the Red or Licking river in Kentucky. | ||
| 1690 | In 1690 James Moore, secretary of the colony, made an exploring expedition into the mountains and reached a point at which, according to his Indian guides, he was within twenty miles of where the Spaniards wee engaged in mining and smelting with bellows and furnaces, but on account of some misunderstanding he returned without visiting the place, although he procured specimens of ores, which he sent to England for assay.. It may have been in the neighborhood of the present Lincolnton, North Carolina, where a dam of cut stone and other remains of former civilized occupancy have been discovered. Mooney | ||
| 1693 | In 1693 some Cherokee chiefs went to Charleston with presents for the governor and offers of friendship, to ask the protection of South Carolina against their enemies, the Esaw (Catawba), Savanna (Shawano), and Congaree, all of that colony, who had made war upon them and sold a number of their tribesmen into slavery. Mooney | ||
| 1704 | Prince George County records reveal that in the 1704 "Rent Roll of all the Lands held in the County," the following names were listed: Jno. ANDERSON, Lewis GREEN, Peter JONES, Peter MITCHELL, Hubert GIBSON, Coll. BOLLING, Coll. HARRISON, Arthur KAVANAH, Francis POYTHRES Sr., Dan'11. HICKDON HIGDON], Coll. BYRD, Rob't. HIX, Rob't. MUNFORD, Rich'd. TURBERFIELD, and Wm. EPPES | ||
| 1704 | Gibson Gibey James
City County 1704 Gibson Hubert Prince George County, 1704 Gibson Jno. York County, 1704 Gibson Jonathan Essex County, 1704 Gibson Tho Parish of St. Peters and St. Paul, 1704 Gibson Widdo King & Queen County, 1704 |
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| 1706 | Many Shawnees fled their Savannah town to the Delawares, their Algonquian kin in Pennsylvania. | ||
| 1707 | Lamhatty, a southern Indian who had been taken captive to Virginia, made a statement to Beverly, the Virginia historian, about the Indians of the South and drew a map to illustrate his story. Upon this map he placed a town on the lower Apalachicola River that, in the published versions, is printed "Ephippeck," which is very unlike other Southern Indian names. | ||
| 1707 | About this time some Shawnees started back to Kentucky to build their new Eskippaki at Indian Old Fields. In support of this supposition there are not only the identity of names and a conformity in timeliness but also the fact that Catahecassa or Black Hoof, told Colonel John Johnston, the Federal Indian agent amongst the Ohio and Indiana tribes from 1812 to 1842, that his people came from the South where they had lived not far from the sea. | ||
| 1710 | Thomas Collins Sr. born Hanover County Virginia. Believed to be father of Samuel. | ||
| 1710 | Alexander Spotswood arrived governor of Virginia in the year 1710. | ||
| 1711 | In the war with the Tuscarora in 1711-1713, which resulted in the expulsion of that tribe from North Carolina, more than a thousand southern Indians reenforced the South Carolina volunteers, among them being over two hundred Cherokee, hereditary enemies of the Tuscarora. Mooney | ||
| 1714 | Brunswick embraced the site of old Fort Christiana. Spotswood commenced to build this fort in August, 1714. The fort served as a trading center for the Indian trade, a school and minister were here for the instruction of the Indians. | ||
| 1714 | M. Charleville, a French trader from Crozat's colony at New Orleans, came in 1714 among the Shawnees, then inhabiting the country on the Cumberland river; and traded with them. Charlesvilles store was built on a mound near the present site of Nashville, Tennessee. | ||
| 1714 | Penicault, the French missionary, in his Relation for 1714 says that he had found, among the Natchez, some slaves belonging to the nation of the Chaouanons who had been captured by a strong party of Chickasaws, Yazous, and Natchez and had been brought to Natchez. | ||
| 1716 | Governor Spottswood crossed the Blue Ridge with his Knights of the Golden Horse Shoe. | ||
| 1718 | At the present Indian Old Fields in Clark County (KY), from about 1718 to 1754, was the Shawnee town of Eskippakithiki. The word Shawnee means "southerner" in the Algonquian tongues; and, historically, it became applied to those Indians who, breaking away from the Outagami or Sauk Nation in Wisconsin, and moving southward across the Ohio, took the advance of the Algonquian invasion in that direction, thereby acquiring their new name. On De Lisle's map of 1718 there is "Tongoria" town in northeastern Kentucky. French missionary, Father Gravier, in his Relation of 1700 says Taogria Indians "spoke the Chaouanon tongue." | ||
| 1720 | Gedion Bunch born. | ||
| 1720 | Moll's map of 1720 shows a Shawnee town at the mouth of the Cumberland River. | ||
| 1721 | In 1721 the Virginia Council voted to permit Indian traders to supply arms to the Chickasaw Nations. In October of that year, Chickasaw warriors from Northern Mississippi arrived at Fort Christanna in Brunswich County, Virginia, for weapons to fight the French and Choctaw. Robert HICKS, Sr., and his son Robert HICKS, Jr., had built the fort in 1714 and were responsible for maintaining it with "Rangers." | ||
| 1721 | 11 Dec 1721 Prince George Co. Wills & Deeds 1713-28, p. 508, deed of Hubberd Gibson and his wife Mary, and their son Edward, to Peter Poythress, | ||
| 11 December 1721 Hubbard Gibson sold to Peter Poythress 200 acres on the Blackwater, part of a tract granted unto John Poythress, son of the deceased Francis Poythress, which 200 acres sd. John Poythress sold said Gibson 11 December 1704, sd. land borders on land sold to John Poythress by Hercules Flood. | |||
| 1723 | 1723 - Virginia "That all free Negroes, mulattos, or Indians (except tributary Indians to this government) male and female, above the age of sixteen, and all wives of such Negroes, mulattos, or Indians shall be accounted tithables" | ||
| 1725 | Thomas Gibson born about 1725 Hanover County VA. | ||
| 1725 | Bertie Co. Henry Sims and wife Grace to Henry Irby 10 May 1725 30 pds 200 ac part of 600 ac pat to Wm Boon 11 Nov 1711/12 on north side Moratock Riv on Beaverdam adj Wm Powell, William Brasswell, John Pace. Wit. Roger Case, Hubard Gibson, Ann Evens. | ||
| 1727 | 13 November 1727 Mary Gibson cosigner of a Bertie County deed with her father [DB B:324]. She was living in Amelia County, South Carolina, in 1742 when she sold this land in what was by then Northampton County [DB 1:58]. | ||
| 1727 | In 1727, Cornstalk was probably born in Kanawha Valley, some accounts say he was born in 1747 in present Greenbriar county, a twenty year difference in researchers conclusions. | ||
| 172? | Moses Riddle born. | ||
| 1730 | May 27, 1730, Charles Kimball petitioned the Huse of Burgesses for "his allowance Interpreter to the Saponi and Occaneechi Indians may be levied." (McIIwaine) This shows that the some Saponi and Occaneechi were still speaking their language, enough to need an interpreter. | ||
| 1730 | Thomas Collins Jr. born | ||
| 1731 | John Gibson
of Bertie Pct to Thomas Hayes of Bertie Pct, 10 pds current VA
money, 250AC in Bertie Pct on S/S Moratuck Riv on Elk Marsh, adj
John Lockland, the little swamp, Richard Jackson, and the marsh.
WITS: RICHARD HAYNESWORTH, Sylvester Dignum, Robert Lang-Register Edgecombe Pct, Robert Foster, C.Crt-Rec'd Nov Crt, 1732 DB 1 P 7- October 28, |
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| Note: | Geographically, Sandy Bluff was remote from any of the major Indian paths or large towns in South Carolina. It was considered "out-of-the-way." In all respects, Sandy Bluff was a "self-contained isolate community." Chickasaw Indian traders lived along the Pee Dee River during the "offseason" at a settlement called Sandy Bluff (in present-day Marion County, South Carolina). | ||
| 1730's | Records show that Richard HYDE and his family lived along the Roanoke River in what is now Northampton County, North Carolina. Family members owned a ferry which crossed the Roanoke River at Hyde Island. This island is a few miles upstream from Plumbtree (Mush) Island and the Occoneechee Neck. | ||
| Note: | William BYRD made reference to the Pee Dee River in his book History of the Dividing Line when describing the Indian Trading Path which crossed the northwest section of present day Warren County in North Carolina on its way "to the Catawbas and other southern Indians." According to BYRD, the Pee Dee was a place "where the traders commonly lie for some days, to recruit their horses' flesh as well as to recover their own spirits." | ||
| Note: | Sandy Bluff was farther down the Pee Dee than the "usual" rest stop for traders. At first, it was occupied by only a few of the Chickasaw woodsmen before they proceeded to Virginia and North Carolina. Most, if not all, of these woodsmen had Indian wives and half-breed children in the Chickasaw towns they traded in. | ||
| 1732 | Samuel Collins born, (probably father of Vardeman) Louisa County, Virginia | ||
| 1733 | Sandy Bluff, Queensboro was surveyed in 1733 and in 1736 a colony of Welsh Baptists from Pennsylvania was established. Unfortunately the settlers at Sandy Bluff did not get along with their neighbors. | ||
| 1733 | In 1730, many Saponi left Virginia to reside with the Catawbas, were not happy and returned to Virginia in 1733, accompanied by some Cheraws. | ||
| 1733 | Micajah "Cage" Bunch born in probably Brunswick County Virginia. | ||
| 1734 | Benjamin Bolin born, some say the father of Jesse Bolling, pastor of Stony Creek Church. Benjamin probably son of John Boling. | ||
| 1734 | Orange County was formed, and embraced all Virginia territory west of the Blue Ridge. | ||
| 1734 | Saponi were settled at Buttrum Town, Virginia (in modern Pittsylvania County, near Dan River, close to Rockingham county, North Carolina, called "Goinstown." Located near Old Upper Saura or Cheraw Town. Saponi in southern Virginia were associated at times with Nottoway and Nansemond (a band sometimes called "Pochick" or "Pochyackee") | ||
| 1734 | Samuel Collins was born about 1734 NC, and died about 1790, Grayson Co., VA. | ||
| 1735 | 15 November 1735 John Bunch recorded a Plat for 350 acres northeast of the Santee River and lot 177 in Amelia Township --He recorded a plat for a further 100 acres on the Santee River and a half acre town lot in Amelia Township a month later on 13 December 1735 [Colonial Plats 2:461]. | ||
| 1735 | 13 June 1735 Christian Gottlieb Priber submits a Petition in London to be allowed to leave the country on the next ship to Georgia. http://www.geocities.com/ourmelungeons/cgp.html | ||
| 1735 | December 1735 South Carolina Gazette: "To be Sold by Mr. Priber near Mr. Laurans the Sadler, ready made mens cloaths, wiggs, spatterdashes of fine holland, shoes, boots guns, pistols, powder, a silver repeating watch, a sword with a silver gilt hilt, english seeds, beds & a fine chest of drawers very reasonable for ready Money, he intending to stay but a few weeks in this Town. | ||
| 1736 | 1 Jan 1736/7 P: 25 Feb 1736/CHARLES RUSSELL, Berkeley County, Esq. Wife: Mary, executrix. Wife's children: Rachell Heatley, William Heatley, Charles Russell, Sophianis Russell, John Russell, Euginia Russell, and Joseph Russell. Wit: Christian Gottlieb Priber, Henry Spacks, John Pearson. | ||
| 1736 | February 27, 1736 the S.C. Council Journal reports Priber's petition for a land grant in Amelia township, stating that he had "a family of six persons in the province and also a wife, four children and one servant in Saxony." The Council granted him land, but Priber went directly into Cherokee country, [In the thirty-second year of the rule of the emperor Maximilian I, Martin Luther began teaching and writing at Wittenberg in Saxony] | ||
| 1736 | In 1736 the French-Canadian government made a census of the tribes connected with it and as a gesture about their claim to the Ohio Valley by right of discovery, one of the enumerated tribes is the "Chaouanons, towards Carolina, two hundred men." The French had no control of the Tennessee country, and to say "towards Carolina," these Shawnees would have had to be south of the Ohio. Lucien Beckner draws the conclusion that this census is of Eskippakithiki, and that two hundred men implies from at least eight hundred to one thousand people. | ||
| Note: | Peter Chartier was half-Shawnee and half French and married a Shawnee woman about 1734. He was a licensed trader at Conestoga, Pennsylvania, and had secret correspondence with the French. He had about 400 warriors and their families as his followers, chiefs included Neucheconno, Taminy Buck, Misameathaquatha or Big Hominy, and The Pride. All traveled to Eskippakithiki in the year 1745 and remained there until 1747, and with their flight it threw the borders from New York to Georgia into a frenzy of fear. James Adair said: "In the year 1747 I headed a company of the cheerful, brave Chikkasahs, with the eagles tails, to the camp of the Shawano Indians, to apprehend one Peter Shartee who, by his artful paintings, and the supine conduct of the Pennsylvanian government, had decoyed a large body of the Shawano from the English to the French interest. But, fearing the consequencies, he went round a hundred miles toward the Cheerake nation, with his family, and the head warriors, and there by evaded the danger....." | ||
| 1736 | George Collins born | ||
| 1737 | Records of Saponi in Amelia County, Virginia (deed) | ||
| 1738 | Elisha Collins born | ||
| 1738 | Augusta County was formed, but was not organized until 1745. | ||
| 1739 |
In 1739 one of the petitions of the Welsh complained 'That several Out Laws and Fugitives from the Colonies of Virginia and North Carolina most of whom are Mullatoes or of a Mixed Blood had thrus themselves among them, paying no taxes nor quit rents, 'and are a Pest & Nuisance to the adjacent Inhabitants.' They were part of a band of robbers sought by the Virginia government, and had, so the Welsh suspected, the sympathy of some of their neighbors. The outlaw community of mulattoes and mixed of mulattoes and mixed bloods continued to plague the Welsh settlements with robberies to such an extent that the governor brought out the militia. In 1746, two settlers petitioned to have their grants moved to a different location. One complained that the "robbers reduced his stock of hogs from twenty-five to six. | ||
| 1739 | VGS, CAVALIERS AND
PIONEERS Volume Four: 1732-1741 Abstracts of Virginia Land
Patents and Grants, 193. John COOKE, 278A Brunswick Co. on the N side of Roanoak Riv., at the mouth of a Cr. a little below the Sappony Fort 29 Jun 1739, PB 18 p.347. ££1 S.10. |
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| 1739 | Mar 2, 1739 the South Carolina Commons House of Assembly awarded £402 to Col. Jos. Fox and two men "going to the Cherokees to bring down Dr. Priber.--Grant I was then deeply Engaged in Trade and saw the great ill conveniency of my Intermeddling any more in this matter upon which I wrote to the Government and represented to them the difficulty of doing it and that I was obliged for the reason above to decline it. Soon after which Coll: Fox was sent up on the same service with several persons to attend and assist him, and, having endeavoured by several letters & to decoy and draw him out of Town, but all in Vain He at Length laid hold of him in the Townhouse, for which he liked to have suffered. The Indians took it very much amiss and told him that the Country was their own and they might do what they thought proper, that they might receive any person and give him Protection, and would permit none others to force him away that whoever attempted it deserved punishment, But as this was the first fault of that kind it should be forgiven. Wishing him to get out of their Country directly. | ||
| 1741 | 1741/1742 Winter--
Antoine Bonnefoy- "At the time when we arrived in the village
there were three English traders there, who each had a
store-house in the village where I was, and two servants of
theirs. There was also a German, who said in French that he was
very sorry for the misfortune which had come upon us, but that
it would perhaps prove to be our happiness, which he proposed to
show us in the sequel" " I had occasion to ask the German, who was called Pierre Albert, who had accosted us on the day of our arrival, and who was lodging in the cabin of my adopted brother, what he wished me to understand. I prayed him to explain to me what was this alleged happiness he promised us. Guillaume Potier and Jean Arlut were present. He replied that it would take time to explain to us what he had to say to us, addressing himself to all three; that he thought we ought to join his society; that he would admit us to an establishment, in France, of a republic, for which he had been working for twenty years; that the form of the government should be that of a general society of those composing it, in which, beyond the fact that legality should be perfectly observed, as well as liberty, each would find what he needed, whether for subsistence, or the other needs of life; that each should contribute to the good of the society, as he could. I told him, as did my comrades, that we were disposed to join him as soon as he should have shown us some security respecting his establishment~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~The next day we got together again and I began to ask him where he had learned French, which he spoke quiet fluently. He told me that, being of good family, he had been instructed in all that a man ought to know; that after having completed his studies, he had learned English and French; that he spoke these two languages with a little difficulty as far as pronunciation was concerned, but that he wrote German, Latin, English and French with equal correctness; that for twenty years he had been working to put into execution the plan about which he had talked to us; that seven or eight years before he had been obliged to flee from his country, where they wished to arrest him for having desired to put his project into execution; that he had gone over to England, and from there to Carolina, and had also been obliged to depart thence for the same reason, 18 months after having arrived there; that having found among the Cherakis a sure refuge he had been working there for four years upon the establishment which he had been planning for twenty; that the Governor of Carolina having discovered the place of his refuge had sent a commissioner to demand him of the savages there, but that then he was adopted into the nation, and that the savages, rejecting the presents of the English, had refused to give him up; that he had 100 English traders belonging to his society who had just set out for Carolina, whence they were to return the next autumn, after having got together a considerable number of recruits, men and women, of all conditions and occupations, and the things necessary for laying the first foundations of his republic, under the name of the Kingdom of Paradise; that then he would buy us from the savages, of whom a large number were already instructed in the form of his republic and determined to join it; that the nation in general urged him to establish himself upon their lands, but that he was determined to locate himself half way between them and the Alibamons, where the lands appeared to him of better quality than those of the Cherakis.My comrades and I planned our flight, and agreed together to feign enthusiasm for the execution of the project of Pierre Albert, who had the confidence of the savages, and they left us at liberty with him. I noticed even, on different occasions, that he urged them to live peaceably and to ask peace from the French. The savage with whom I lived, who was one of the principal men of the nation and the other chiefs, sometimes asked me in what manner they could appease the French and bring them to their place to trade. I told them that it would be necessary for them to send a calumet of peace to the nearest post; that I supposed that would be the post of the Alibamons. They told me that they had already been there, but that they feared the savages of those regions, with whom they were not on good terms; that they did not wish to have any new war. . . . While Pierre Albert and I were working toward peace the three English traders were daily instigating the savages to continue to make war upon us. They were themselves working to enlist parties; which I saw them doing some days before my flight. After having their drum beaten by one of their negroes who was a drummer, and enlisted 70 men, they distributed among them, from their storehouses, the munitions necessary for going to the Outamons, as well as against the voyageurs of Canada. Of the 52 villages which compose the nation of the Cherakis, only the eight which are along the river are our enemies. The other villages remain neutral, whither because of their remoteness or their spirit of peace. Carolina is 15 days' journey by land from the village where I was, Virginia 20, and the Alibamonts 10 to the south. . . . The 29th of April a day on which the savages had given themselves up to a debauch, was that which we chose for our escape. We had got together a sufficient amount of ammunition. We went out from the village at nine o'clock in the evening. Jean Arlas had his gun. Coussot was not armed, not having been able to take his from the cabin where he was. Guillaume Potier, who was in our plot, having got drunk with the savages, was not in condition to go with us and we could not wait longer for him without risk of being discovered. We marched until daylight, going to find two pirogues that were in a little river six leagues from the village. In one of these we embarked ." |
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| 1742 | 11 Saponi men were bought to court and charged with "terrifying one Lawrence Strouther and on suspicion of stealing hogs" (Orange County Register of Deeds 1741-1743) Forest Hazel | ||
| 1743 | Governor Clarence Gooch of Virginia reported to the Colonial Office that the "Saponies and other petty nations associated with them... are retired out of Virginia to the Cattawbas." They returned to Virginia in 1748. | ||
| 1743 |
August 15, 1743 South Carolina Gazette, The Creek
Indians have at last brought Mr. Priber prisoner here; he is
a little ugly man, but speaks all languages fluently . . .
he talks very prophanely against all religions, but chiefly
the Protestant; he was for setting up a town at the foot of
the mountains among the Cherokees, which was to be a city of
refuge for all criminals, debtors, and slaves. . . . There
was a book found upon him in his own writing ready for the
press, which he owns and glories in and believes it is by
this time printed but will not tell where, in which . . . he
lays down the rules of government which the town is to be
governed by, to which he gives the title of Paradise. He
enumrates many whimsical privileges and natural rights .
. . particulary dissolving marriages and allowing community of women and all kinds of licenciousness; the book is drawn up very methodically, and full of learned quotations; it is extremely wicked, yet has several flights full of invention, and it is a pity so much wit is applied to so bad a purpose. |
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| 1743 | 1743-1751 Priber enjoyed some considerable freedoms in his prison. He entertained the intelligentsia of Frederica, among them the physician Frederick Holtzendorff from Brandenburg, and the Lutheran pastor Johann Ulrich Drießler, whom he assisted in translating the Lord's Prayer and some bible verses into the Cherokee language. His cell in the barraks served for some time as a literary salon. | ||
| 1743-4 |
A Merchant's Account Book: Hanover County, 1743-44 Magazine of Virginia History Michael Gowing Jr. David Gowing Edward Gowing Michael Gowing Sr. Thomas Gibson Gilbert Gibson |
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| 1743 | Thomas Gibson land entry on Pamunkey River. | ||
| 1745 | May 28, 1745 - Louisa Co.
VA "Ordered that William Hall, Samuel Collins, Thomas Collins, William Collins, Samuel Bunch, George Gibson, Benjamin Branham, Thomas Gibson, and William Donathan be summoned to appear at the next Court to answer the presentment of the Grand jury this day made against them for concealing tithables within twelve months past." …pled not guilty… Steven Pony Hill http://sciway3.net/clark/freemoors/Indian.htm |
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| 1747 | Thomas Gibson.and wife Mary sell land on Pamunkey River, Louisa County Virginia. | ||
| 1747 | George HICKS, son of Robert HICKS, Jr., moved to the Pee Dee River near Sandy Bluff. | ||
| 1748 | Deloney's List Lunenburg Virginia John Goins 2 tithes. | ||
| 1748 | Saponi had traveled south to join their old friends in 1743 (Catawbas) but returned to Virginia by 1748. | ||
| c1748 |
GRANVILLE COUNTY 1748 (ca.) list of Jonathan White John Going 1 tithe John Chavers 1 Lewis Anderson 1 George Anderson 1< ---------- Married Lucy Bass, sister of Moses Bass |
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| 1748 | Lunenburg County Virginia, Phelps lists James Gibson, Archblad Gibson 2 tithes, Randol Gibson 1 tithe. | ||
| 1747-50 | Dr. Thomas Walker and companions visit Cumberland Gap and adjacent regions. | ||
| 1749 |
1749 List of John Martin (Granville Co. NC) William Chaves 6 tithes List of Jonathan White George Anderson 2 Larrance Petteford 1 Lewis Anderson 2 Bartholomew Chaues 1 <--------Son of William Chaves of Surry Co., Va. William Bass 1 < Is this Lucy Bass Anderson's brother who is said to have married Elizabeth Going? |
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| 1749 | Tax list Lunenburg Co. VA, Micajer Bunch listed as a tithe of Gedion Bunch. | ||
| 1749 | Lunenburg Co. Virginia, Howards list, Valentine Mullens 1 tithe. | ||
| 1749 | Lunenburg Co Virginia, Haile Lists James Gibson, Archblad Gibson 2 tithes, Randol Gibson 1 tithe. | ||
| 1749 | Captain De Celeron, a French engineer, planted an inscribed leaden plate at the mouth of Kanawha, claiming all the country drained by the River for the French crown. | ||
| 1749 | Thomas Gibson (alias Wilburn) and wife Mary sell land on the south side of the Pamunkey River joinng Gilbert Gibson's land. | ||
| 1750 |
1750 List of Edwd. Jones (Granville Co. NC) Michel Gooin 2 |
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| 1750 |
175[0?] List of Wm. Eaton (Granville Co. NC) List of Saml. Henderson Gibion Bunch 2 List of William Person James Turner & his wife Mary & son David mollatoes & Two negroes Tom & Phill [torn] |
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| 1750 | Moses Riddle on tax list Granville County NC. | ||
| 1750 | Flat River part of Granville County NC that became Orange County in 1852 tax list has William and James Bolin. | ||
| 1750 | Thomas Gibson is on the tax list of Granville County, North Carolina, land on Flat River. | ||
| 1750 | Eno Occoneechee petition for recognition by the State of North Carolina 1750. The Saponi had a settlement near Hillsboro, North Carolina. | ||
| 1750 | Flat River in Granville County Gibsons and Collins | ||
| 1750 | The Saponia Indian reservation established near Hillsboro, North Carolina. | ||
| 1751 |
1751 List of Saml Henderson (Granville Co. NC) William Going 2 |
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| 1751 | Jefferson list, John Goin 1 tithe, Hugh Miller with Joseph Minor 6, Thos Moor 2, Wm Boing with Jesse Boing 2, Wm Boing 1. Lunenburg County, Virginia | ||
| 1751 | Orange County deed books show that on August 27, 1768, William Chavis "of the County of Granville" sold to Joseph Pritchit some 320 acres on both sides of the Haw River, "it being part of a tract of land granted to the said Wm. Chavis by deed from Wm. Kinchen bearing the date the day of December 1751." (Orange County Register of Deeds 1790) | ||
| 1752 | Ambrose Collins born | ||
| 1752 | Granville County 1752 on Buffellow [sic] Creek [a branch of the north fork of the Little River] mentions Thomas Wade --Charles Gibson and William Collins... and Deputy Surveryor, W. Churton. | ||
| 1752 | John Findley was a Presbyterian "Irishman" who settled in Pennsylvania and was an Indian trader. In 1752 he arrived at Eskippakithiki for the winter. | ||
| 1752 | Thomas Gibson land on Flatt River, Joseph Collins land on Flatt River, William Bolen, Thomas Collins, and Moses Riddle lost their improvements to John Brown's survey. | ||
| 1752 | November 6, 1752 -
Henrico Co. VA Grand Jury presentment against Thomas Moseley, David Going, James Matthews, and William Gwinn for not listing their wives as tithables, "being mulattos". Presentment against Jane Scott, Patt Scott, Lucy Scott, Betty Scott, Elizabeth Scott, Sarah Scott, and Hannah the wife of John Scott for not listing as tithables, "being mulattos." Steven Pony Hill website |
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| 1752 | Jefferson list, Joseph Goin 1 tithe, John Gowan 2 tithes. Lunenburg County Virginia. | ||
| 1753 |
1753 List of Robert Harris ("one of his lists") (Granville Co. NC) George Anderson 0 1 William Going and his son 2 0 Lewis Anderson & son Shadrach Daughters Lisha and Mary 1 4 Edward Harris negro and Refuseth to list his wife 1 1 Robt. Mitchell, John Going 2 tithes Richard Chavers negro 1 List of Osborn Jeffreys Robert Davis 0 1 Thomas Going 1 1 Michal Going 0 1 Edward Going 0 1 [Edward Sr]
List of Lemuel Lanier Wm. Chavis 7 tithes Philip Chavis 1 Thomas Going 1 Michall Going 1 Michall Going 1 |
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| 1753 | Twenty five miles south of Eskippakiithiki, near the head of Station Camp in Estill county (KY), upon the Warrior's Trace, a party of seventy Christian Conewago and Ottawa Indians, a French Candian, and a renegade Dutchman named Philip Philips met a party of seven Pennsylvania traders, consisting of James Lowry, David Hendricks, Alexander McGinty, Jabez Evans, Jacob Evans, William Powell, Thomas Hyde, and their Cherokee servant. | ||
| Note: | The GOINS family had originally come from Virginia before migrating to North and South Carolina. (Goins Island is located at Lake Gaston on the Roanoke River a few miles up river from Hyde Island and Plumbtree Island.) CHAVIS [CHAVERS], on the other hand, lived on the Quankey Creek, which is below Plumbtree Island. | ||
| TOP of page | |||
| Note: | Gideon GIBSON had lived near the Occoneechee Neck adjacent to land owned by Arthur KAVANAUGH, Ralph MASON and Richard TURBEVILLE before buying land on Quankey Creek from Robert LONG, a Chickasaw and Cherokee Indian trader. LONG also owned land at Elk Marsh and Plumbtree Island. LONG had received his land patents at Quankey Creek and Plumbtree Island on 1 March 1719/1720 | ||
| 1753-4 | Orange County, North Carloina, Governor Dobbs enumerated a settlement of Saponi Indians, 14 men and 14 women, children not counted. This is very near where in 1755 several Melungeon names are in a tax list. | ||
| 1753 | John Goings on Lunenburg County tax list. John Goings is father of Zachariah Goins born 1770. | ||
| 1754 |
1754 List of Osborn Jeffreys (Granville Co. NC) Michal Going 1 0 Thomas Going 0 1 |
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| 1754 |
George Collins born
In addition to the TURBEVILLEs and COLSONs, many other families that had previously lived on the Roanoke River moved to Sandy Bluff. Among them were the GIBSONs, CHAVIS [CHAVERS], GOINS [GOINGS], and SWEETS [SWEAT]. According to GRIGG, Gideon GIBSON was one of the wealthiest men at Sandy Bluff. He was also a "Free Man of Color." So were the CHAVIS, GOINS, and SWEAT families. |
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| 1754 | Micajer Bunch, Orange County NC tax list | ||
| 1754 | French and Indian War started when French seized a post of the English at present site of Pittsbury, war was formally declared in April 1756. | ||
| 1755 |
1755 summary list (from microfilm) C.044.70012 NC Archives (Granville Co. NC) whites/ Blacks/ Total George Anderson & wife Son Jerry & daughter Catherine 0/4/4 Lewis Anderson & wife, son Shadrack & daughters Mary and Tamer 0/5/5 Wm Bass 1/0/1 Thomas Going 0/1/1 Gilbert Chavos 1/0/1 Edward Gowen 0/1/1 Michael Gowen 0/1/1 Joseph Gowen 0/1/1 William Going & Son Joseph 2/0/2 William Going & Son Joseph 2/0/2 |
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| 1755 | Orange Co NC tax list, Flat River, Thomas Gibson and his sons Charles and Mager Gibson. | ||
| 1755 | Orange County NC Tax list Gedion Bunch, Micajer Bunch, Thomas Collins, Samuel Collins, John Collins, Moses and Mary Ridley | ||
| 1755 | Partial Orange County North Carolina tax list from Flat River area: John Collins, Micajer Bunch, Gedion Bunch, Moses Ridley, Thomas Gibson, George Gibson, All listed mulatto. | ||
| 1755 | Owen Sizemore Sr. born 1755, Halifax County Virginia (?) | ||
| 1755 | The French and Indian War was declared in 1755. John Findley joined Braddock's army where he met Daniel Boone, whom he regaled with stories of his adventure at Kentucky, later he took Boone to Kentucky right to Eskippakithiki, which was abandoned, the Shawnee had left probably 1754, fleeing north, and maybe scattering into parts of eastern Kentucky. | ||
| 1756 |
David Collins born, he was the son of Samuel Collins who
was b. around 1734 NC, died Grayson Co VA around 1790.
13 Feb 1756 Granville to William Combs of Orange, planter, ten shillings, 385 acres, on the west side of Flatt River, begin at a white oak in Thomas GIBSON'S line, S 27 ch to a red oak in Joseph COLLINS' Line, W 41 1/2 ch. to a hickory Joseph COLLINS' corner, S 15 ch to a red oak in John WADE'S line, W 45 ch. to a white oak along WADES' line, N 60 ch to a hickory, E 46 1/2 ch to a white oak in Thomas GIBSON'S line S 18 ch to a hickory his corner E 40 ch to the first station; signed GRANVILLE by Francis CORBIN wit. W. CHURTON, Richard VIGERS; proved by CHURTON June Term 1756. [Ed. note; see NC Patent Book 14: 246 and SS, LG 94-C] (Extracted from ORANGE COUNTY RECORDS, VOL. 11, DEED BOOKS 1 & 2 ABSTRACTS, by William D. Bennett, p. 199, by Hogan Researcher Louise Overton) |
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| 1757 |
William Gowen List Son Joseph & William 3 0 (Granville Co. NC) Benjamin Chavus & Jane his wife 2 total George Anderson Son Jere daughter Cathrine 3 Lewis Anderson & Sarah is wife Shadrach Lewis sons Elisha & Sare Daughters 6
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| 1757 |
List of Samuel Henderson (Granville Co. NC) William Bass 1 tithe Wm. Chavers 10 Phil Chavers 3 Joseph Halley 2 Joseph Gowen 1 Gideon Gowen 1 Geo Anderson Neo. Peter & Dina 4 List of Gid. Macon Thos: Goeing, Jno. Seemore [torn] List Retd. by William Johnson [shf.]: perhaps insolvents Goin, Chrisr. 1 |
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| 1757 | Daniel Boone married on the Yadkin, North Carolina, settled on the Holston, Virginia. | ||
| 1757 | Zephaniah Goins born 1757 Halifax County Virginia. Zephaniah is brother to Zachariah Goins, their father is John and Elizabeth Goins. | ||
| 1758 |
1758 List of Thos. Person (Granville Co. NC) William Gowing Son William 2 0
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| 1758 | Martin Collins born, son of Samuel. | ||
| 1759 |
1759 List very incomplete (Granville Co. NC) List of John Pope Edward Hulin, Mary Hulin Mulattoes 2 tithes Joseph Goin, Mulattoe 1 Edward Goin, Mulattoe 1 [SR] Thomas Goin, William Gray White 2 William Anderson, John Anderson whites 2 James Goin Mulattoe, William Goin Mulattoe 2 Michael Goin, Mulattoe, John Wilson, Mulattoe 2 William Anderson, John Anderson whites 2 Delinquent and insolvent list Huland, Edward 2 Going, James 2 Anderson, Geo. 1 Anderson, Wm I believe twice listd. 2 |
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| 1759 | Jesse Bowling born at Hillsboro, North Carolina | ||
| 1760 | Valentine "Vol" Collins born ? | ||
| 1760 | Selim, the Algerine, of remarkable history, passed up the Kanawha Valley in search of the white settlements to the East. Selim was a wealthy and educated young Algerine; he was captured in the Mediterranean by Spanish pirates; was sold to a Louisiana planter, escaped, made his way up the Mississippi, and up the Ohio. Somewhere below the Kanawha he met with some white prisoners; and a woman among them told him, as best she could in sign language, to go towards the rising sun, and he would find white settlements. As it was just about this time that an Indian raid had been made through this valley over the Jackson's river settlements and captured the Renix family and Mrs. Hannah Dennis, I think it is possible, and even probable, that they were the prisoners he met, and who told him of the Eastern settlements. At any rate, he turned up Kanawha, then Greenbriar, etc, and was finally discovered, nearly entirely naked, and on the point of starvation, not far from Warm Springs and kindly taken care of. Through a Greek Testament in possession of some minister who saw him; it was discovered that he was a good Greek scholar; and thus communication was opened up between him and the minister, who understood Greek. Selim studied English, became a Christian, returned to his home in Algiers, was repudiated by his parents because he had given up the Moslem for the Christian religion. He returned to America, heart-broken, and finally died in an insane hospital. "Trans-Allegheny Pioneers" John P. Hale | ||
| 1761 |
1761 whites/Blacks male/Blacks f/ Blacks 12-16 (Granville Co. NC) Oxford District James Reeves, son Jeremiah & negro Charles 2/0/0/1 Lewis Anderson. Wife Sarah, Sons Shadrack & Lewis, Daughters George Anderson, Wife Mary, Sons Jeremiah & Nehemiah 0/3/1/0 Edward Bass, Wife Tamer 0/1/1/0 Benjamin Bass, Wife Mary & Brother James 0/2/1/0 Samuel Bass0/1/0/0 William Bass, Son Thomas 0/2/0/0 Joseph Bass, wife Janay 0/1/1/0 List of John Pope Thomas, Moses Gowin. Refuses to List his wife 2 tithes William Hewlin 1 Edward Hewlin, Mary Hewlin 2 Michael Gowin, John Wilson. Refuses to list his wife 2 Joseph Gowin. Refuses to list his wife 1 List of Robt. Harris for Granville Parish Edward Going sons Edwd. Reeps 0 white/3black males [*Edward Jr born 1741]
Country Line District by Larkin Johnston William Anderson 1 William Gowin, James Gowin 2 William Gowin Junr, Jesse Chandlor 2 |
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| 1761 |
A 1761 report counted 20 Saponi warriors in the area of
Granville County, NC and this corresponds to the “Mulatto,
Mustee or Indian” taxation in Granville of such families as
Anderson, Jeffries, Davis, Chavis, Going, Bass, Harris,
Brewer, Bunch, Griffin, Pettiford, Evans, and others in the
1760’s. Steven Pony Hill
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| 1761 | William Bolin, Thomas Collins and Moses Riddle lost their improvements in Orange County NC Survey dated Dec. 13 1761. | ||
| 1762 |
1762 Bare Swamp District (Granville Co. NC) List of John Pope for St. Johns Parish Michael Gowin, Mulattoe, John Willson2 tithes Thomas Gowin, Moses Gowin 2 William Hewlin 1 William Bass 1 Edward Gowin Senr. Mulla., Reps Gowin, Edward Gowin 3 Sampson Bass 1 Thos. Hulin 1 Fishing Creek District James Gowing, Son William, Refs. to list his wife 2 whites, 0 blacks, 2 males, 0 females, 2 over 16, 2 total Gibiah Chavers, his wife Nancy 0 whites, 2 blacks, 1 male, 1 female, 1 over 16, 2 total Gibiah Bunch Son William. Refs. to list his wife &c 2 white, 0 blacks, 2 males, 0 females, 2 over 16, 2 total William Chavers Jur. 0 white, 1 black, 1 male, 1 over 16, 1 total James Shoemake & wife Mary 0 white, 2 black, 1 male, 1 female, 1 over 16, 2 total Country Line District William Gowin Junr 2 white Granville Parish by Robert Harris Joseph Going Mulato not listed his wife
List of Saml. Benton for Oxford District & Fishing Creek
George Anderson, wife Mary, sons Jeremiah, Nehemiah 4 blacks, 3 males, 1 female, 3 over 16, 4 total Joseph Bass & wife Jane 2 blacks, 1 male, 1 female, 1 over 16, 2 total Edward Bass & wife Tamer 2 blacks, 1 male, 1 female, 1 over 16, 2 total Lewis Anderson, wife Sarah, sons Shadrick, Lewis, daughters Leshea, mary, & Sarah 7 blacks, 3 males, 4 females, 3 over 16, 7 total Benja. Bass, wife Mary, daughter Selah & brother James 4 blacks, 2 males, 2 females, 2 over 16, 4 total list of insolvents Bunch, Gibbey 2 Gowen, James 2 Going, Michael 2 Going, Edward 2 Going, Jos. 1 |
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| 1763 |
1763 only a few lists extant (Granville Co. NC) List of Insolvents Chavers, Richard 5 Evans, Major 2 Gowen, James 2 Going, Edward 2 Going, Wm. 1 Rong listed 1 |
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| 1763 | King George 11's Proclamation of 1763 forbade settlement and colonial land grants beyond the crest of the Appalachias. | ||
| 1763 | Treaty where France gave up to England all claim east of the Mississippi River. | ||
| 1764 | There may have been a settlement in eastern Kentucky in the period after the French and Indian War. Jillson places a Shawnee village at the confluence of Big Mud Lick and Little Mud Lick creeks in northern Johnson County from 1764 to 1774. This is the village from which Jenny Wiley is supposed to have made her escape. There are other references to the Shawnee in the vicinity of big Sandy River as well. One of the most interesting accounts is the tradition of John Swift, who is said to have discovered and worked silver mines with Shawnee laborers in eastern Kentucky from 1706 to 1770. This tradition persisted among the Shawnee as late as 1870, when a descendant of Cornstalk returned to Mud Lick Creek in Johnson County in search of silver. Clark "The Shawnee." | ||
| 1764 |
1764 Yancey's List ( part missing) (Granville Co. NC) Gowen, Joseph 1-0-0-0 Gowen, William 1-0-0-0 List of Robert Harris Cape, John and William Gowen 2-0-0-0 List of Smauel Benton (another district, but on same alph. summary) Aquilla Snelling Wife Lattace & Thos. Huland 0-2-1-0 James Shomake, his wife Marry 0-1-1-0 Mayer Evens Wife Martha & Arther Evens 0-2-1-0 Wm. Chaves [junr.] his wife Elender 0-1-1-0 Jos. Bass & Wife Jenney 0-1-1-0 Wm. Chavis, his wife Francis daughter Kasiah slaves Reubin Bass & wife Mary 0-1-1-0 [Gib]by Chavis & wife Nanny 0-1-1-0 [Joseph] Hawley Wife Martha & son Jacob 0-2-1-0
List of John Pope(categories as in Benton's lists) Going, Thomas & Moses 2-0-0-0 Going, Joseph & James Harrison Molatto 1-1-0-0 Going, Edward & Edward Molatto 0-2-0-0 List of insolvents Bass, Joseph2 Chavers, Richard 2 Gowen, Jos. 2 Gowen, James 2 Pettyford, George 2 Shoemake, James 2 |
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| 1764 | Vardiman Collins "Vardy" born about 1764, Wilkes County, N.C. | ||
| 1765 | Henry Gibson b. Bet. 1765 - 1770 d. 1840's Todd Co., KY m Nancy Allen | ||
| 1765 |
1765 William Burford's District (Granville Co. NC) William Going Molatto not listed 2 County Line district by James Yancy Joseph Gions 1, 0 Wm. Gions 1,0 List of Sanuel Benton for Oxford District (categories are whites, male Blacks, female Blacks, boys) Lewis Anderson WIfe Sarah Son Shadrach & Lewis, Daughters Lesha & Sarah 0-3-3-0 Benjamin Bass & wife Tamer 0-1-1-0 David Mitchel & wife Silvey 0-1-1-0 George Anderson Wife Mary & Son Nehemiah 0-2-1-0 Reubin Bass Wife Mary 2-0-0-0 |
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| 1765-70 | Hezekiah Minor b Virginia | ||
| 1765 | Halifax Co. VA Grand jury presentment against William Chandler, Shadrack Gowin, Peter Rickman and Phillip Dennum for concealing a tithable. | ||
| 1766 | In September of 1766 Lambeth Dodson sold 400 acres on the main fork of the Mayo River in Pittsylvania County, VA (later Henry County), to George Gibson. This George Gibson was the son of John Gibson of the Bertie Gibson group. This land of the Mayo River in VA is close to the NC border and is in an area which later will be called Goinstown. http://jgoins.com/kit__26975.htm | ||
| 1766 |
List of Samuel Benton for Epping Forest District Edward Harris Wife Sarah Daughter Nann Amy & Lucy 0-1-4-0 Anderson, Lewis 5 Bass, Reubin 2 Bass, Edward 2 Chavers, Gabriel 3 Chavers, William 9 Chavers, William Junr. 2 Chavers, Luraner 3 Evans, Major 2 Goin, Joseph 2 Gowin, Thomas 1 Gowing, Joseph 1 Gowin, Edward 1 Gowin, Reps 1 Mitchel, David 10 Mitchel, David 2 Memo of those as has not listed with John Pope Joseph Gowin (Mullattoe, has a wife and other Family not listed) Edward Gowin (Mullattoe, has a wife &c not listed) 1767 list of Philips Pryor Joseph Gowen, Presley Harrison John Cunningham, Minor Cockram 4w, 0B list of John Pope (white, Black male, Black female) Thomas Gowin 2-0-0 Moses Gowin 1-0-0 James Matthews 0-3-0 Joseph Gowin 0-2-0 Edward Gowin 0-1-0 Edward Gowin Jr.0-1-0 Archibald Mitchell & Wife Sealia Mitchell 2 Benjamin Bass wife Mary, Son Hardey & Daug. Winney 4 Reuben Bass & Wife Mary 2 Lewis Anderson, Wife Sarah & sons Shadrach, Elijh. & Lewis 5 George Anderson Wife Mary & son Nehemiah & Nathan Bass 4 Gibb Chavers & wife Ann 2 Major Evans & wife Martha 2 Edward Bass & wife Tamer 2 William Chavers Jur. & wife Ellendor 2 Susannah Chavers, Sons John, Robert, Daughts. Milley & Charity 5
Separate List later in reel, Philip Pryors List Joseph Gowen Prisly Morrison John Cunningham Minor Cocer? 4 white |
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| 1767 | Most of the Collins, Gibson, Bunch, Riddle, and possibly Bolen families came from the Flat River area of Orange county, North Carolina to the back woods area of the New river at the borders of North Carolina and Virginia around 1767. | ||
| 1767 | Moses Riddle is recorded on a Pittsylvania County Tax list as "an Indian." | ||
| 1768 |
1768 list of David Mitchell (Granville Co. NC) list of Jonathan Kittrell Gibeon Chavers & his wife Ann 2 Major Evans & his wife Ann 2 Willm Chavers & Wife Frances - Daughter Fanny Negros Jo. &
list of John Pope Thomas Gowin, John Gowin, Alston Hopkins 3 tithes Abraham Jones - wife Charity 2 Edward Harris, Nego. Girl Pegg 2 Richard Jones, his Wife Mary, his son Epheraim 3 Moses Gowin [torn] Joseph Gowin his Nat 2 Archabald Mitchel, his wife Sealey [torn] list of Stephen Jett Edward Bass & Wife Tamer 2
Lewis Anderson, Wife Sarah sons Shadarick, Elisha &
Lewis 5
Benjamin Bass, wife Mary, sons Hardy & Benjamin Daughters Winney & Morning 6 Reuben Bass & Wife Mary 2 George Anderson wife Mary & Nathan Bass 3 list of Len Henley Bullock David Mitchell (Negro) lists Self & Wife 0w. 2B Sarah Smith (Malato) 0,1 |
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| 1768 | Valentine Collins born around 1768, Wilkes Co., NC. ? | ||
| 1768 | By 1768, the English slave trade had a figure of 53,000 slaves a year being shipped to the North American continent. Other slave traders included the French at 23,000, the Dutch at 11,000, and the Portuguese at 8,700 slaves being transported yearly from Africa. Estimates of up to 10 million slaves took the Middle Passage Voyage to reach the Americas. http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/aaslavry.htm#beginning | ||
| 1769 |
1769 summary list from microfilm white/ Black/ Carriage wheels (Granville Co. NC) Anderson, George 0/3/0 Anderson, Lewis 0/5/0 Bass, Benjamin 0/6/0 Bass, Edward 0/2/0 Bass, Reuben 0/2/0 Chavers, William 0/8/0 Chavers, Gibea 0/3/0 Chavers, Luranah 1/4/0 Chavers, Shadrack 0/2/0 Chavers, William Jr 0/1/0 Evans, Major 0/2/0 Gowen, Thomas 3/0/0 Gowen, Moses 2/0/0 Gowen, William 1/0/0 Gowen, Edward 0/1/0 |
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| 1769 | Daniel Boone passes through Big Moccasin Gap on his way to Kentucky. | ||
| 1769 | In 1769 a group of Shawnee had warned Daniel Boone to leave Kentucky, because it belonged to them. When he did not obey, it cost Boone the life of a son. so Kentucky was occupied, perhaps not in the sense of being secured by European-style settlements and towns, but frequented by a group of Indians who used it and called it their own. Jerry E. Clark "The Shawnee" | ||
| 1769 | Winn list, Joseph Minor 1 tithe, Cyrus Minor 11 tithes. | ||
| 1769 | Montgomery County, VA William Riddle def. Against Nathaniel Wilson Plantiff Montgomery CO. VA Court | ||
| 1770 | Samuel Collins on Botetourt Co, VA tithables | ||
| 1770 | Zackariah Goins was born, son of John Goins and Elizabeth Goins. | ||
| 1770 | Hezekiah Minor b. 1770- d.1840 | ||
| 1770 | Thomas Gibson family,
moved to Wilkes county NC from the Flat River around this time,
then to Fort Blackmore, Virginia. A Cherokee mother bears a child, known as Ridge, in the town of Hiwassee, on the Hiwassee River at Savannah Ford, at this time it is North Carolina, later Tennessee. This is the probable birth year of Cherokee Chief Ridge. |
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| 1771 |
1771 Granville Taxables, summary from microfilm (Granville Co. NC) Total Anderson, Lewis 6 Bass, Nathan 3 Bass, Reuben 2 Bass, Edward 3 |
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| 1771 |
list of insolvents for 1762 tax remaining in arrears as of 7 Sept. 1771 (Granville Co. NC) Gowen, Michael 2 Gowen, Edward 3 Gowen, Joseph 1 Harris, Edward 3 Hawley, Joseph Bass, Benjamin 5 Chavers, Gibea 6 Chavers, William Sr 9 Gowin, Thomas 2 Gowin, Moses1 Gowin, John 1 Gowin, Edward 1 |
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| 1771 | New River titables Botetourt Co Virginia: William Herbert's Co. partial list: Charles Collins, John Collins, Smuel Collins, McChegar Bunch, Kernilius Keith, George Heard, Moses Johnson, John Vardeman. | ||
| 1772 | Lunenburg County, Virginia, Betts list, Joseph Miner with Cyras Miner 11 tithes. | ||
| 1773 | Fincastle Co Virginia tax list "living on Indian ground" Micajer Bunch, Samuel Collins, George Collins, Elisha Collins, Charles Collins, and David Collins. | ||
| 1773 | Micajah "Cage" Bunch born 1773 | ||
| 1773 | James Boone, Henry Russell, and party were massacred by Indians in Powell Valley. | ||
| 1773 | John Blackmore, Joseph Blackmore, John Blackmore Jr., John Carter, and Andrew Davis settled at Fort Blackmore. | ||
| 1773 | Winn list, Thomas Winnh Jr. with Willim Minor 3 tithes. Lunenburg County Virginia. | ||
| 1773 | Rysdale list, Churchill Gibson 1 tithe, Lunenburg County, Virginia. | ||
| 1773 |
In 1773 William Middleton of Marion Co. died. Appraisers
of the estate (worth 4000 pounds) on April 24 were William
Middleton Jr, Gideon Gibson, and Gideon Gibson Jr. On the
same day, Joseph Holland's estate was appraised by Gideon
Gibson Jr., Martin Middleton, and William W. Middleton, Jr.
The following people owed money to the Middleton estate:
|
||
| 1774 | Logan, Mingo Chief, captured two of Blackmore's slaves at Fort Blackmore. | ||
| 1774 | 1774 Montgomery County, VA court William Herbert Plantiff vs Caiger Bunch and William Riddle defendants, Debt | ||
| 1774 | Daniel Boone and Michael Stoner were sent from Castle's Woods to warn surveying parties in KY of danger from Indian attacks. | ||
| 1774 | Daniel Boone was made commander of Fort Blackmore and other forts on the Clinch while the militiamen were absent on the Point Pleasant campaign in Dunmore's War. | ||
| 1774 | Patterson list, Lunenburg County, Virginia, William Hardy, John Hardy with William Minor 8 tithes. | ||
| 1775 | Mon. 13th---I set out from prince wm. to travel to Caintuck. Fryday 24th---we start early and turn out of the wagon Road to go across the mountains to go by Danil Smiths we loose Driver. Come to a turable moutain that tired us all almost to death to git over it and we lodge this night on the Lawrel fork of the holston under a granite mountain and Roast a fine fat turkey for our suppers and Eat it without aney Bread. April Saturday 1st---This morning there is ice at our camp half inch thick we start early and travel this Day along a very Bad hilley way cross one creek whear the horses almost got mired some fell in and all wet their loads. Saturday 8th--We all pack up and started crost Cumberland gap bout one oclock this Day Met a good many people turned back for fear of the indians but our Company goes on Still with good courage. William Calk, Diary, 1775 | ||
| 1775 | March 17, at Sycamore Shoals, near present Elizabethton, Tennessee, Richard Henderson and Nathaniel Hart, agents of the Transylvania Compny, purchased from the Cherokee all the land lying between the Ohio River on the North and the Cumberland River on the south. The fact that the Cherokee had no right to sell the tract of land meant little to the Transylvania company, for under existing English laws, they had no right to buy it, anyway. The decision to sell the Kentucky country was vehemently opposed by some of the younger Cherokee, including Attakullakulla's own son, Dragging Canoe. It is said that Dragging Canoe said to Henderson, "you will find its settlement dark and bloody." From this the dissatisfied Cherokee embraced Shawnee Chief Cornstalk's urging to put aside their differences and unite in a common effort to drive the English into the sea. Dragging Canoe declared: "Whole nations have melted away like balls of snow before the sun. -----Such treaties may be all right for men to old to hunt or fight. As for me, I have my young warriors about me. We will have our lands." | ||
| 1775 | Henry Bunch d abt 21 April 1775 Bertie, NC | ||
| 1775 | Lunenburg County, Virginia, Thomas Moore, John Moore, Stephen Moore 3 tithes, David Moore 6 tithes, John Minor 1 tithe, Joseph Minor with Moses Richmond 9 tithes, Churchill Gibson 1 tithes. | ||
| 1776-94 | Indians raid Fort Blackmore, Rye Cove, Stock Creek, Martin's Station, several are killed or captured. Chief Benge is involved among others. Benge is killed in 1794 by Vincent Hobbs and Company. | ||
| 1776 | Sequoyah born near
Tuskeegee, Tennessee Died: 1843, near Tyler, Texas. |
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| 1776 | Joseph Minor with John Minor 11 tithes, Syrus Miner 1 tithe. Lunenburg County, Virginia. | ||
| 1778 | Lunenburg County, Virginia Cargill list, Ephrain, Harry, James and Edward Sizemore, all with 1 tithe each. | ||
| 1779 | Owen Sizemore engaged in the late insurrection | ||
| 1779-1784 | Montgomery Co., Va John Collins, George Collins, Lewis Collins, Charles Collins. Wilkes Co. NC Vardy Collins Jordan Gibson, Micajer Bunch. | ||
| 1780 | Indians attack Fort Blackmore, Indian named Logan is involved. | ||
| 1780 | David Bolin, b 1780 VA | ||
| 1780 | Thomas Collins, son of Samuel b. around 1780 Wilkes Co. NC, married Nancy Williams b. around 1780 NC, both died Kentucky, he Knott County, she Letcher County. | ||
| 1780 | Thomas Bledsoe was stationed at Fort Blackmore | ||
| 1781 | Owen Sizemore was included on payroll of SC Royalist during Rev. War. | ||
| 1783 |
1783 Tax List Greensville, Virginia
*EDWARD GOING AGE 92 |
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| 1783 | David Goings 1783-1840, b. Giles/Montgomery Co., VA | ||
| 1783 | Lunenburg County Virginia, Joseph Miner with Bartlett Miner 2 tithes, Cyrus Miner 2 tithes, Joseph Minor Jr. 2 tithes. | ||
| 1784 | Amos Collins b: 1784-1790
VA according to all census records, d: after 1864 according to
tax records. Amos married Mayvilla Unknown. |
||
| 1784 | Capt. James COLBERT had spent the summer at Long Island on the Holston River with Malcoom McGee and the chiefs of the Chickasaw Nations to discuss peace terms with representatives of the State of Virginia. Representing Virginia were John DONNE and Joseph MARTIN. With COLBERT's help, DONNE and MARTIN were able to make a tentative agreement to end hostilities between the Chickasaw Nation and Virginia which had begun in 1780 when the Chickasaws attacked Fort Jefferson in Kentucky. (Virginia had built the fort under the false assumption that the land belonged to the Cherokees. Instead, it belonged to the Chickasaws. Shortly after James COLBERT and the Chickasaws attacked the fort, the Virginians withdrew.) Although the initial terms of the peace agreement were made by COLBERT, DONNE, and MARTIN, the final terms of the Virginia-Chickasaw Treaty were later negotiated by Benjamin Hawkins of Warren County, North Carolina. | ||
| 1785 | Post Revolutionary Pleasant Grove region Saponi Indians Jeramiah Bunch, George Gibson, and Henry Bunch receive land Grants in 1785 along the Eno River just east of Hillsboro, North Carolina. | ||
| 1787 | Lower district Russell co. VA. William Bolin and Jarrett Bolin, tax list Montgamery County, Virginia's partial list Montgomery County, Virginia includes John Collins Jr., David Collins, Milliton Collins, John Collins Sr., Lewis Collins and Daniel Collins. | ||
| 1787 | Moses Riddle died, Henry Co. Virginia. | ||
| 1787 | Samuel Collins and family in 1787 tax list Wilkes County NC | ||
| 1788 | "October 14, 1788. Know
all men by these presents that I Edward Gowen of the County of
Granville for divers good causes and considerations thereunto [me] moving more especially for the sum of A25 to me in hand paid, the receipt of which I do hereby acknowledge, hath bar? gained, sold & made over, and by 10 Feb 2004 Page The Descendants of William GOING 17 these presents, do bargain, sell and make over to my nephew, Thomas Gowen all the estate, right and interest I have or hereafter may have to the estate of Elizabeth Bass, deceased, or any part thereof, and do hereby make over the same to the said Thomas Gowin, his heirs and assigns from the claim of me, the said Edward Gowen or any other person whatever claiming under me. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand & seal the 15th day of October, 1786. Edward Going Witnesses: Henry Meghe Allin Hudson Jhn. [X] Simmons" |
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| 1789 | This day came Lela Williams and declared on oath that Verdie Collins is the father of her child and likewise Mary Williams declared on oath that Jordan Gibson is the father of her child. Sworn before us this 17th of October 1789. Wm Nall, James Bruneford. Wilkes Co. Bastardy Bonds and Records. | ||
| 1790 | Andrew Gibson Wilkes Co NC head of household | ||
| 1790 | Wilkes County, NC census Vardy Collins, Valentine Collins, Ambrose Collins, George Collins, Martin Collins, David Collins, Andrew Gibson, Jordan Gibson, Joel Gibson, Archie Gibson, Ezekiel Gibson, Dorthy Gibson, Jesse Bolin, Elisha Bolden. | ||
| 1792 | Lee County VA Micajer Bunch (signed the 1792 petition to form Lee Co VA) | ||
| 1793 | Jesse Bowling moved to Hawkins County TN in 1793 | ||
| 1793 | Lower district Russell Co. VA became Lee in 1773 tax list | ||
| 1793-4 | Baron Francois Peirre de Tubeuf, established a French colony of thousands of acres in what was then Russell County Virginia, now Wise and Scotts counties. He planned to build a city about 10 miles above Fort Blackmore on the Clinch River. Tubeuf had at least five French families with him. | ||
| 1794 | Partial 1794 tax list Grayson County, which was formed partly from Wilkes County NC. Benjamin Collins, Martin Collins, Milliton Collins, John Collins Sr., John Collins Jr., Absolom Collins, Malon Collins. Jordan Gibson, Isaac Gibson, George Gibson, David Gibson. | ||
| 1795 | Hezekiah Minor in Henry Co Virginia | ||
| 1795 | Zachariah Goins listed in Lee County VA Tax list | ||
| 1795 | Jeremiah Boling is listed on tax list in Lee Co VA | ||
| 1795 | Hezekiah Minor married Elizabeth Going, Sept 19, 1795, Henry County, VA. | ||
| 1795 | Jesse Bowling and his family moved to Lee County, Virginia, and he was pastor of the Old Stony Creek church | ||
| 1796 | Jerimiah
Bunch d abt 8 Mar 1796 Bertie NC |
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| 1796 | Lee Co VA tax list Micajer Bunch, Drury Bunch, Israel Bunch, Clem Bunch, Julius Bunch, Jermiah Boling | ||
| 1797 | Jesse Bowlin, Zachariah Goins Lee Co VA tax list | ||
| 1797 | Lee County VA tax list Zachariah Goins (son of John Goins and Elizabeth), Jesse Bowlin, Claiborne and Soloman Bunch | ||
| 1798 | Jesse Bowlin, Zachariah Goins Lee Co VA tax list | ||
| 1799 | Thomas Bledsoe with his father Abraham on Reedy Creek (today Sullivan Co., Kingsport TN) | ||
| 1799 | Micajer Cage Bunch is
listed by Some historians as one of the first Melungeons in this
Newman Ridge, Blackwater area. Micajer along with several other
families migrated to Cumberland County, Kentucky in about 1798. 1799- (Cumberland County, KY tax list courtesy Mary Hill, Family History Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.) Jessee Robert, Cage Bunch, Elisha Blevins, Joseph Bunch, Drury Bunch, James Roberts? Stephen Robinson, Moses Roberts, George Rogers, John Rogers all of these believed from the Newman Ridge, Blackwater area of Lee County, Virginia and Hawkins County, Tennessee. Micajer Bunch is missing from the 1804 Cumberland County, Kentucky tax list. He probably died between the 1793 and 1804 tax collections. What is weird is that on the 1805 Tax list of Cumberland County, Kentucky most of these on the 1799 list are gone. James and Joseph Riddle sons of Captain William and happy Rogers Riddle also settled in Cumberland County, Kentucky around 1804-5. http://www.geocities.com/ourmelungeons/bunch3.html (Jack Goins article) |
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| Note | Aboard the Underground Railroad: http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/underground/ks1.htm also: http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/underground/states.htm | ||
| 1800 | In 1800 Valentine Collins is living in Morgan Twp., Ashe County, North Carolina. Vardery, Thomas and Ambrose Collins also. All listed as FPC | ||
| 1800 | Zachariah Minor born around 1800 | ||
| 1800 | Shephard Gibson entered 100 acres Ashe Co NC | ||
| 1800 | Andrew Gibson head of household Ashe County NC | ||
| 1801 | Micajah "Cage" died between 1801-3 in Cumberland County, KY | ||
| 1801 | Henry Co VA Hezekiah Minor in John Goins Will | ||
| 1801 | Henry Co VA, Hezekiah Minor Surety of marriage of Simeon Going and Keziah Tabb. | ||
| 1801 | Isham Bolling, William Boling, Zack Goins, Jesse Boling, James Boling, Christopher Boling tax list Lee County VA. | ||
| 1801 | Virginia Stony Creek Baptist Church Minute Books December 1801 Nancy Gibson, received by letter. Valentine Collins received by experience and baptised |
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| 1802 | Feb 26, 1802, church came to order, Thomas Gibson excommunicated. Sister Vina Gibson obtained a letter of dis-mission by letter of recommendation from Blackwater church, sister Mary Gibson obtained a letter of dis-mission. | ||
| 1802 | September Wed. 24 Lay here this day & night Genl. Martin & Majr. Taylor arrived. Thur. 25 Rained Lay at Robers Fry. 26 Clear day. We all sit out from Robert's crossed Newmans Ridge & lodged all night on black water creek at Gibsons...Mssrs. Fisk and Taylor left us. Sat. 27 We st Y Crossed Powells mountain and lodged at Sanders mill 7 miles...Left the surveyors coming on from Blackwater. On our route today passed Daniel Flanarys on No. side of mulbery Gaup. Mulbery creek runs down into Powels river between Powels mountain and Waldens Ridge. Sun. 28 We measured the Cross line and found our course on quarter too far to the So - Lodged at same place. Mon. 29 We rectified our course & still remained at Sanders. John Sevier Journal, http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Hills/4200/diary.htm | ||
| 1802 | Jesse Bolin pastor of Stony Creek when the Melungeons began joining. | ||
| 1802 | July 1802, Rhuebin Gibson, Fanny Gibson, Henry Gibson, Thomas Gibson Jr., Vina Gibson, Judith Moore, Fanny Gibson, recieved by experience. Charles Gibson nd his wife Mary were received by experience at Stony Creek Church 26 July 1802. | ||
| 1803 | John Gibson b? d. 1803 Christian Co., KY m ? | ||
| 1803 | Valentine Collins and his wife received a letter of dis-mission 23 April 1803, same day Charles Gibson and his wife received a letter of dis-mission, but Charles later returned to Stony Creek church and he was excommunicated 1806. | ||
| 1803 | Thomas Gibson Sr. died around 1803-4 Fort Blackmore Virginia. | ||
| 1804 | "Sept 25, 1804 Ruben Gibson excluded from membership of this church he lives down at Blackwater, and has our letter of (dismission) and keeps it, and has joined another church. | ||
| 1805 | October 25, Doublehead, acting on his own and without consulting the rest of the Cherokee Nation, signed away the last remaining acre of Cherokee soil in South Fork Country. From the Council house, three Cherokee men, three instruments of Cherokee justice, went out into the countryside. These men were Alex Saunders, John Rogers, and He Strides Across The Ridge (aka Ridge) with orders from the National Council to slay Doublehead. | ||
| 1805 | Joshua Collins b 1805, Hawkins County, TN son of Valentine Collins b. around 1760-8 and Dicy Pricy. | ||
| 1806 | Charles Collins was excommunicated from Stony Creek Church. | ||
| 1807 |
Clear Fork Baptist Church Minutes Copyright
Date 1807 Aug: Valentine COLLINS' case laid over.
http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/ky/cumberland/churches/gbb74clearfor.txt
(from Don Collins files) |
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| 1807 | At Tellico blockhouse, where the Reverend Gideon Blackburn, a Presbyterian missionary, had moved his school and church, Saunders, Rogers, and The Ridge, found and most researchers say that Ridge killed Doublehead. | ||
| 1808 | A letter from Jesse Bolin to Brother? (Cox) to meet him at Brother Wallings to try for fellowship next month. The church grants his request for Brother (Cox) to go and beg for peace. Brother Cox attended to meet Bolin, according to his request, and found him in the spirit of war. | ||
| 1808 | Lee Co VA tax Wm Bowlin, William Bowlin Sr, Michael Bowlin, Shepard Gibson, Absalom Collins, Mitch Collins, Zack Goins. | ||
| 1810 | Levi Collins born 1810,
died after 1860 in Hawkins County TN, now Hancock. |
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| 1810 | Frederick Bunch d abt 6 Feb 1810, Bertie NC | ||
| 1810 | Hezekiah Minor Rockingham County NC census | ||
| 1811 | September 17, 1811 there was an almost total eclipse of the sun. In mid December the first of the terrible shocks of the New Madrid earthquake were felt. It was the most severe earthquake ever recorded in North American history. Felt from Upper Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, from Boston where it rang church bells, to the Rocky Mountains, people were terrified. In parts of Missouri, Arkansas and the far western parts of Tennessee and Kentucky, huge areas covering thousands of acres sank as much as twenty five feet or more, and near these locations the rivers, including the Mississippi ran backwards. Some said that Tecumseh had stomped his foot. | ||
| 1813 | 6 September 1813, page 37 of the minutes of Stony Creek Church: "Then came forward Sister Kitchen and complained to the church against Susanna Stallard for saying she harbored them Melungins" | ||
| 1812 | John Gilbert Collins b:
Aug 06, 1812 TN d: Nov. 08, 1891, Leslie Co. KY buried at the
Couch/Sizemore Cemetery, Leslie Co. KY married Susannah Napier
on July 19, 1839 Perry Co. KY. |
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| 1812 | By 1812, the British, as a payback to the American colonists, offered the Africans a chance to own land and be free - if they fought on their side during the War of 1812. Professor Melvin Sylvester | ||
| 1814 | Hezekiah Minor Lee County Virginia | ||
| 1818 | A squirrel hunting contest, found in the loose court records from Hawkins County that the Archives committee are sorting: "the subscribes in order to encourage a squirrel hunt do each of them hereby agree to pay the person or side that kills the greater number of squirrels one bushel of corn, to make oath of the number of squirrels killed, the corn to be paid by the 25th day of December next at the store of Will Cain & Co, In witness whereof they have hereto set their hands the 21 day of April 1818. It's signed by 38 people. Jack Goins says: "I know by some of the names it was across the mountain in the War Gap area." | ||
| 1819 | On a charge of
Counterfeiting Bank notes -- these Notes were forged on the Bank
of Virginia. In 1819 Ezekial Sullivan testified that about the first of August last, Irby Gibson showed him a note and that he believes it to be the same and told him it was good, that on the same day he saw William Stapleton present the note to Captain Rogers for examination and he said it was counterfeit. Irby was found guilty, Sterling Cocke was the State Attorney General. http://www.jgoins.com/Union6_speech.htm |
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| 1820 | Lee Co VA, P. (Prudence) Williams in census. | ||
| 1820 | Census Lee Co VA Hezekiah Minor and Zephniah Goins. Probably on Wallens Creek | ||
| 1821 | A Jesse Bolin Sr. and Jesse Bolin Jr. are recorded on the Perry County, Kentucky tax schedule. | ||
| 1822 | Will is recorded Lee Co VA between Prudence Williams one part and Zachariah Minor and Martha Williams of the county. Witness Prudence Williams. | ||
| 1822 | Zackariah Minor son of Hezekiah in Lee Co VA | ||
| 1824 | And the jurors upon
their oath say, that the said William Collins of the county of
Hawkins and state of Tennessee, with force and arms did have and
keep a certain counterfeit bank note supporting to be a good and
genuine note and to have been signed by the president and
directors of the bank of Augusta for Ten Dollars payable to Wm
Lee on demand, Dated Augusta Georgia 7 June 1824, which said
note described is a counterfeit bank note. This bank of Augusta
the same being one of the chartered banks of the state of
Georgia. NOTE Collins was found guilty by the grand jury but
this is all we found in the loose records. The History of Tennessee and Tennesseans also noted the Melungeons were counterfeiters of Silver and is a case dated 1824 State of Tennessee, Hawkins County vs John Bunch. http://www.jgoins.com/Union6_speech.htm |
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| 1824 | Zackariah Minor marries Aggy Sizemore. | ||
| 1825 | James Hurd survey, chain bearers were Lewis Click and Hezekiah Minor. | ||
| 1830 | U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act. | ||
| 1830 | African-American families
lived in a place called Ramptown. Ramptown was originally
thought to be one location, but archaeologists have so far found
12 sites. And what about the name Ramptown? They figure it came
from either the onions whose shoots were called “ramps”, or the
fact that with so many African-Americans coming in the place
grew rampantly. Western Michigan University and the Freedom
Trail Project know finding these artifacts is just the start.
Online newspaper article about Ramptown in Michigan: http://www.wndu.com/news/062002/news_14622.php |
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| 1830 | 1830 Perry Co., KY Census: James Collins, Valentine Collins | ||
| 1831 | Conaway Collins born 1831-1905 Hawkins Co. TN. | ||
| 1831 | In 1831 Tennessee
added another law–Chapter 102 Public Acts of 1831. This act
declared it unlawful “for any free person of color, whether he
be born free, or emancipated agreeably to the laws in force,
either now or at any time in any state within the United State
to remove himself to this state and remain there more than 20
days." (Meigs Reports Vol 1 P332) |
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| 1831 | Shephard Gibson enters 50 acres in Hawkins Co TN corner of Vardeman Collins line | ||
| 1833 | Benjamin
Collins b. 1833 Clay Co. KY, son of: Amos Collins b.
abt.1784-90 in VA |
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| 1834 | In 1834
Tennessee added another law to the territorial act of 1794,
which they had adopted, chapter one section 32 declared that all
Negroes, Indians, mulattoes and all persons of mixed blood,
descending from Negro or Indian ancestors to the third
generation inclusive, though one ancestor from each generation
may have been a white person, whether bond or free should be
held and deemed to be incapable in law to be a witness in any
case whatever, except against each other, these illegal voting
trials and other cases show that this law was applied to them. Violating this law was the charge against the Melungeons.. Jack Goins |
||
| 1834 | Thomas Bledsoe filed REV pension app. in Hawkins Co TN | ||
| 1835 | George Washington Goins born 1835 in NC. | ||
| 1840 | Willim Gannaway "Parson" Brownlow, in the Jonesboro Whig, used the word "Malungeon" to refer to half Indian/half Negro from Washington City. He used the words to shame the Democratic party in northeastern Tennessee. | ||
| 1840 | Owen Sizemore Sr. died, Hawkins County, Tennessee. | ||
| 1846 | In 1846 a
group of Melungeons were charged with illegal voting and the
charge by the state was they were colored. Hawkins County Loose
Records |
||
| 1846 | Vardy
Collins was indicted by the Grand Jury. 7 August 1846- “On the 7th day of August in the year of our lord 1845 did then and there knowingly and unlawfully did vote in an election held under the constitution and laws of the United States of America and the State of Tennessee for representatives, Governor and members of the state legislature, being disqualified to vote by the laws of this state on account of color, and from being a competent witness in our courts of law in any case whatever except against each other. Court Records in Hawkins County, Tennessee, presented at Kingsport Union by Jack Goins, Archivist Hawkins County, Tenneessee. |
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| 1847 | State vs
Lewis Minor- Sept 28, 1847. This request was asking for a
continuance because his council , John Netherland, could not be
present, all seven cases were delayed until January 1848. Also,
John Netherland's daughter Eliza Haskell wrote that her father
won their freedom. Jack Goins, concerning Hawkins County TN
Court Records. |
||
| 1848 | These cases all resulted from a national election held in all the districts of Hawkins County to elect Representatives, Senators, Congressmen and Governor of the state. I have found 10 who were charged for illegal voting at this time . two were found guilty and one paid a fine and cost. The case was finally heard by a Jury on Saturday Jan 29, 1848 The charge by the state was “ being free persons of color” who were not allowed to vote, or to set on a jury against a white man. Quote from Jack Goins, Archivist Hawkins County Tennessee. | ||
| 1848-9 | Knoxville Register in 1848 ran an article from an anonymous correspondent (letter) from the Louisville (Kentucky) Examiner. This same article was posted in Littell's Living Age out of Boston in 1849. http://www.geocities.com/ourmelungeons/littels.html | ||
| 1854 | By 1854, the Dred Scott Case brought a setback to the Abolitionist Movement. Dred Scott, a slave, was taken by his master into the free states of Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Scott stayed out of Missouri, his slave state, for four years. His claim was that he was an established person on "free soil." The lower courts ruled against Scott. The case eventually went to the Supreme Court of the United States. Melvin Sylvester | ||
| 1860 | Alvis Gibson born about 1860, wife Mattie in the 1900 census, home in 1900 is Pine Mountain and South America, Whitley County, Kentucky. | ||
| 1860 | South Carolina secedes from the Union | ||
| 1861 | Lewis Collins born 1861 Hancock Co. TN, died 1939, Lawrence County, Ohio | ||
| 1861 | Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia secede. | ||
| 1861 | Civil War | ||
| 1872 | Zackariah Minor died 10 March 1872. | ||
| 1874 |
Original Bill : To the Hon. D. M. Key Chancellor for the 3rd Division of Tennessee, and presiding in the Chancery Court at Chattanooga in said state. Elizabeth Jack as next friend of Jerome C. Simmerman with whom joins her husband, James Jack vs William H. Foust Citizen of Hamilton County Tennessee http://www.jgoins.com/original_bill_shepherd.htm |
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| 1879 | John Estel Goins born 1879 in Hancock County, TN | ||
| 1887 | Godspeed's "History of Tennessee from the earliest time to the present" made reference to the community Of Melungeons in Hancock county, Tennessee. | ||
| 1889 | Swan M. Burnett's article in "American Anthropologist." October '89 | ||
| 1889 | The Constitution: Atlanta GA., Monday March 18, 1889, under "Letters From the People" article about Melungeons. | ||
| 1890 | Godspeed's "History of Tennessee from the earliest time to the present" made reference to the community Of Melungeons in Hancock county, Tennessee. | ||
| 1890 | A letter to the editor of the Daily American signed "C.H." of Hancock County. September 1890 | ||
| 1891 | "The Malungeons," appeared in "The Arena" in Boston. Also "The Malungeon Tree and It's Four Branches." | ||
| 1895 | 11 Dec 1895 Lewis Goins, an aged and well known citizen of our county, died at the residence of Harris Bell, on Cave Ridge near town, Tuesday night after an illness of about 6 weeks, aged 84 years. Until his last illness Mr. Goans had never been sick but two days before in all his life, and was an exceptionally well preserved man. He was very dark complected and claimed to be of Portugese stock. He was a member of the Baptist Church. The remains were interred at Cedar Grove near the River. (Distant Crossroads, Volume 19, number 3, 2002) |
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| 1897 | John Fox Jr. jumped on the band wagon with "Through the Gap," short story about an extra marital affair and racial tension, Melungeon man involved. | ||
| 1897 | C.H. Humble published "A Visit to the Melungeons." http://www.geocities.com/ourmelungeons/humble.html | ||
| 1900 | Lucious Evins Smith wrote "The Melungeon Girl's Duel" a fictional work on Melungeons, showing them as an tribal unit of NA's. | ||
| 1903 | Lewis M. Jarvis, attorney in Sneedville, submitted a brief history of Melungeons to the "Hancock County Times." | ||
| 1912 | Paul Converse in the "Southern Collegian, "The Melungeons." | ||
| 1913 | W.T. Hale and D.L. Merritt wrote "A History of Tennessee and Tennesseans." | ||
| 1913 | Judge Lewis Shepherd, wrote "Romantic Account of the Celebrated 'Melungeon' Case," in "Watson's Magazine" (Atlanta). | ||
| 1914 | Samuel Tyndale Wilson "The Southern Mountaineers," Presbyterian Home Missions. | ||
| 1913 | Celestine Pierre Cambiaire, "East Tennessee and Western Virginia Mountain Ballads." pp ix-xi | ||
| 1939 | Leo Zuber, "The Melungeons." | ||
| 1947 | Otha N. Walraven, "The Melungeons at Oakdale." | ||
| 1950 | William L. Worden, "Sons of the Legend," Saturday Evening Post. | ||
| 1951 | 1951 Edward
T. Price "The Melungeons: a mixed-blood Strain of the Southern Appalachians .Geographic Review, Vol 41, no 2,page 256 April 1951." |
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| 1976 | Louise Davis, "The Mystery of the Melungeons." Nashville Tennessean Magazine 1972, originally written 1963. | ||
| 1976 | Ph.D. Dissertation, Saundra Keyes Ivey, "Oral, Printed, and Popular Culture Traditions Related to the Melungeons of Hancock County, Tennessee | ||
| 1977 | Saundra Keys Ivey "Ascribed Ethnicity and the Ethnicity and the Ethnic Display Event: The Melungeons of Hancock County, Tennessee." Found in "Western Folklore." | ||
| 1981 | Anthony P. Cavender, "The Melungeons of Upper East Tennessee: Persisting Social Idenity." Tennessee Anthropologist. | ||
| 1982 | Ph.D. Dissertation, Melanie Lou Sovine, "The Mysterious Melungeons: A Critique of the Mythical Image." | ||
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| Sources: | |||
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1. "The Southeastern Indians," author, Charles Hudson
2. "The Spanish Pioneers In United States History, The Melungeons: The Pioneers of the Interior Southeastern United States 1526-1997," author, Eloy J. Gallegos. 3. "History of Scott County Virginia," author, Robert M. Addington. 4. "Jefferson's Nephews, A Frontier Tragedy," author Boynton Merrill, Jr. 5. "Melungeons: And Other Pioneer Families," author, Jack Goins. 6. "A History of Appalachia," author, Richard B. Drake. 7. Appalachian Journal article by C.S. Everett, "Melungeon History and Myth," summer 1999. 8. "Indian Island in Amherst County," authors Peter W. Houch and Mintcy D. Maxham. 9. "The Only Land I Know, A History of the Lumbee Indians," authors Adolph L. Dial and David K. Eliade 10. Personal research and papers of Joanne Pezzullo also see: http://www.geocities.com/ourmelungeons/front.html 11. Personal research papers of Jack Goins. 12. "JAMES LOGAN COLBERT OF THE CHICKASAWS: THE MAN AND THE MYTH," author Richard A. Colbert, NCGSJ-May 94 95 13. Various Tax and Census records. 14. "Hancock County, TN and It’s People" Volumes 1 and 2 15. "South Fork Country," author, Samuel D. Perry 16. "Trans-Allegheny Pioneers" author John P. Hale, edited by Harold J. Dudley 17. "Eskipakithiki, the Last Indian Town in KY," author Lucien Beckner, read before the Filson Club March 1, 1932. 18. Distant Crossroads 19. "History, Myths, AND Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees" James Mooney 20. Janet Crain's private research papers. 21. Steven Pony Hill website http://sciway3.net/clark/freemoors/Indian.htm and http://sciway3.net/clark/freemoors/CHAPTER1colonial.htm 22. "Sunlight on the Southside, lists of tithes, Lunenburg County, Virginia 1748-1783" 23. "The Shawnee" Jerry E. Clark 24. Free African Americans Taxable in Colonial Granville County, Paul Heinegg: 25. Don Collins personal notes. 26. Atlanta Constitution (newspaper)
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